Three seats — a majority of the five-member Ojai City Council — are on the November ballot. Each seat represents a corresponding district or area within the city. Who sits in each of those seats will be selected by voters in Districts 1, 2 and 3.
For the first round of candidate questions, the Ojai Valley News sent the same six questions to all of the candidates. Those responses are below. Responses for each question were limited to 100 words.
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Photo submitted
Michelle Pineiro
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Photo submitted
Leslie Rule
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Photo submitted
Kathryn Donwen
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Photo submitted
Randy Haney
Photo submitted
Rachel Lang
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Photo submitted
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Photo submitted
Andrew Whitman
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